- Materials Science and Engineering, Nano Materials Synthesis and Characterization, Graphene and its Applications, Advanced Nanomaterials, Nano Medicine, Nanotechnology Safety
Location: Webinar
Session Introduction
Baoguo Han
Dalian University of Technology, China
Title: Nano-engineered concrete for sustainable infrastructures
Time : 10:00-10:30
Biography:
Baoguo Han, Professor of Civil Engineering at Dalian University of Technology since 2012, holds a BS and MS in Material Science and Engineering (Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China, 1999, 2001) and a PhD in Engineering Mechanics (Harbin Institute of Technology 2005). His main research interests include nano-engineered cementitious composites, smart and multifunctional concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, and ultra-high performance concrete.
Abstract:
Concrete, being the most used human-made substance, has become one of the most obvious manifestations of humankind's physical footprint on the Earth. The use of concrete changes the world, promotes the rapid development of human society, and shapes the human civilization. Moreover, concrete is still indispensable in the foreseeable future, and their application room is constantly expanding.
However, some inherent weaknesses and the existing performances of concrete make it unable to fully meet the demands of constructing and creating future human living infrastructures. Additionally, the massive production and application of concrete have an enormous impact on resources, energy as well as environment on the Earth. Nano science and technology can change the “gene” of concrete at a more fundamental level. It provides a transformative approach to solve the above issues and boosts the emergence and rapid development of Nano-engineered concrete with sustainable characteristics (e.g., high mechanical performance, long service life, perfect multifunctionality/smartness, easy fabrication, low environmental footprint, strong resilience, and low life-cycle cost).
In the past two decades, the rapid development of Nano science and technology build up a fundamental for comprehensively understanding the genomic code of concrete in nature, featuring the blueprint to describe, predict, and tailor performance of concrete from the bottom-up approach, and providing guide for design, fabrication, and applications of concrete. Much work indicated that the big gains in mechanical, durable and functional/smart properties of concrete were achieved by using nanotechnology (i.e., Nano-core effect).
This report will present both fundamentals and applications, with emphasis on the design and principles, fabrications, characterizations, performances (including mechanical properties, durability, function/ intelligence) and mechanisms, and applications of Nano-engineered concrete, deliver current groundbreaking science advances and technical innovations in the field of Nano-engineered concrete, and deploying the road map to tackle the future development challenges of Nano-engineered concrete.
Sudip Chatterjee
Regent Education and Research Foundation, India
Title: An attempt to prepare nano sensor material for the detection of propane 2 ol
Biography:
Sudip Chatterjee is presently working as an Associate Professor in the department of Basic Science at a premier Institute of India. He had received his Ph.D.degree on some electronic transport properties of nanomaterials from Jadavpur University, Kolkata in 2005 and he continued his post doctoral research at TuDelft, The Netherlands. Presently he is working in the field of characterization and synthesis of bio-nano materials since 2008 and he had carried number of projects as the principal investigator and co investigator under the sponsorship of some premier research institutes. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed international journals. He has worked as a Senior Lecturer in St Xavier’s College, Kolkata, also as an Assistant Professor at Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim, India and also he has served as the Assistant Professor at the IFHE University, India.
Abstract:
Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health. Ambient (outdoor) air pollution causes significant health problems which affects everyone irrespective of high, middle, low income countries. In addition to outdoor air pollution, indoor smoke (containing CO, CO2, SO2, water vapour, oil droplets, different kinds of hydrocarbon from volatile organic compounds, chemically active free radicals and so on) from household air pollution is a serious health risk for more than billion people who cook and heat at their homes with biomass fuel and coal. Throughout the world, public concern is growing day by day over industrial impact on the environment. Global air quality monitoring, local air quality monitoring, indoor and outdoor air quality monitoring are now a very common issue.
Global monitoring is also related to the presence of toxic and explosive gases as well as malodours in indoor and outdoor, mostly which are often due to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Global monitoring is also related to detection of trace chemicals like greenhouse gases (CO, CO2, CH4, NOx etc). Monitoring and chemical sensing of the presence, identify and degree of severity of the pollutant is growing of importance to implement the laws designed to sustain acceptable and safe standards of air quality. There are varied environmental monitoring techniques available today but present established global environmental monitoring methods are often prolonged, expensive and there are some constraints in sampling and analytical techniques.
To solve these problems the interest has been growing on Electronic Nose (ENOSE) Technology, which has received considerable attention in the field of sensor technology during the past few years, largely due to invention of several applications procured from research in applied science and technology. Electronic nose technology is also reliable, cost effective, speedy and accurate to identify the environmental pollutant. Different prototypes of artificial nose devices have been developed to monitor complex vapour mixture containing some hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methanol, propan-2-ol, acetone, ethylmethylketone, hexane, benzene, xylene.
Artificial electronic noses have been provided with a plethora of benefits in food technology. It can be used as a powerful monitoring method to identify the quality of food control in some of the specific applications. This technology is used to detect the presence of numerous volatile organic compounds like acetone, hexanal, 2-pentanone, toluene, limonene, heptanal etc. which are present in the headspace of food. The concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) not only depend on the nature of the food but also on manufacturing process (an example milk sterilization, pasteurization etc).
Key Words: VOC, ENOSE, Sensor Technology, Nano Sensor
Zill-e-Huma Aftab
University of the Punjab, Pakistan
Title: Bio fabrication of graphene oxide nanoparticles from Nigella sativa seed extract and their incorporation for plant growth in Vigna radiata
Biography:
Zill-e-Huma Aftab (Gold Medalist) has been working as Assistant Professor since 2017, at Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. She has supervised 25 M. Phil and 3 Ph.D. theses in the field of Plant Sciences/Plant Pathology. She has 35 Research Publications in journals if international repute with 65 impact factor.
Abstract:
The controlled and promoted plant growth has been a challenge for the growers worldwide. In this study, we have developed a nanomaterial-assisted green strategy for accelerated plant growth. Although sometimes nanomaterials have been shown to be slightly toxic to plants, but here it is demonstrated that graphene oxide (GO) can be used as a regulator tool for enhancing plant growth and stability. Graphene oxide different concentrations were added to the soil of mung bean.it is proved that with an appropriate amount supplied, graphene oxide had a positive effect on plant growth in terms of increasing the length of roots and shoot, number of leaves, flower initiation, number of root nodules per plant, number of pods and seeds per pod. We believe that bio fabricated graphene oxide may be used as a strategy for enabling the acceleration of both plant growth and rapid and increased number of seeds per plant.
Osman Adiguzel
Firat University, Turkey
Title: Shape reversibility and thermomechanical transformations in shape memory alloys
Biography:
Adiguzel graduated from Department of Physics, Ankara University, Turkey in 1974 and received PhD- degree from Dicle University, Diyarbakir-Turkey. He has studied at Surrey University, Guildford, UK, as a post-doctoral research scientist in 1986-1987, and studied were focused on shape memory effect in shape memory alloys. He worked as research assistant, 1975-80, at Dicle University and shifted to Firat University, Turkey in 1980.
Abstract:
Metals and alloy systems have different phases at different conditions, and these phases are described in phase diagrams as alloy composition-temperature or composition-pressure space. A series of alloy systems exhibit a peculiar property called shape memory effect in β-phase region. These alloys are called shape memory alloys and they are very sensitive to external conditions this phenomenon is initiated with thermomechanical processes on cooling and deformation, and performed thermally on heating and cooling, with which shape of the materials cycle between original and deformed shapes in reversible ways. Therefore, this behavior can be called thermoelasticity. This is plastic deformation, due to the soft character of the material in low temperature condition, with which strain energy is stored in the materials and release upon heating, by recovering original shape.
Shape memory effect is governed by thermomechanical phase transformations in crystallographic level, thermal and stress induced martensitic transformations. Thermal induced martensitic transformation occurs on cooling, with cooperative movement of atoms in <110 > -type directions on the {110} - type planes of austenite matrix, along with lattice twinning reaction, and ordered parent phase structures turn into twinned martensite structures. The twinned structures turn into detwinned martensite structures by means of stress induced transformation with mechanically stressing the material in the martensitic condition. These reactions are driven by lattice invariant shear, and lattice twinning and detwinning reactions play important role at the martensitic transformations. These alloys exhibit another property called superelasticity, which is performed with mechanically stressing and releasing the material in elasticity limit at a constant temperature in parent phase region and shape recovery occurs instantly upon releasing, by exhibiting elastic material behavior.
Stress-strain profile exhibits nonlinear behavior at stress-strain diagram, Stressing and releasing paths are different and hysteresis loops refers to energy dissipation. This phenomenon is also result of stress induced martensitic transformation and ordered parent phase structures turn into detwinned martensite structure with stressing.
Copper based alloys exhibit this property in metastable β-phase region. Lattice twinning and lattice invariant shear are not uniform in these memory alloys and gives rise to the formation of layered structures, like 3R, 9R or 18R depending on the stacking sequences on the {110} - type close-packed planes of the parent phase. Unit cell and periodicity is completed through 18 layers in 18R structures in ternary copper-based alloys. Also, parent phases of these alloys have the high symmetry, and product martensitic phases have low symmetry at low temperature.
In the present contribution, x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction studies were carried out on copper based CuZnAl and CuAlMn alloys. X-ray diffraction profile and electron diffraction patterns exhibit super lattice scattering. Critical transformation temperatures of these alloys are over the room temperature, at which alloy samples are completed in the martensitic state. These alloy samples were aged at room temperature, and a series of x-ray diffraction profiles and electron diffraction patterns were taken. X-ray diffractograms taken in a long-time interval show that scattering angles, peak intensities, and characteristics change with ageing at room temperature. This result refers to the rearrangement of atoms in diffusive manner.
Keywords: Shape memory effect, martensitic transformation, thermoelasticity, superelasticity, twinning, detwinning, and lattice invariant shear
Belachew Zegale Tizazu
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Ethiopia
Title: Synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from brewer’s spent grain using acid hydrolysis: Characterization and optimization
Biography:
Belachew Zegale Tizazu is a Vice Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University. His skills and Expertise in Biochemical Engineering, Bioprocess Engineering, Enzyme Technology etc
Abstract:
This study is aimed at utilizing brewery’s spent grain (BSG) byproduct for the synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using acid hydrolysis and optimizing the hydrolysis parameters (hydrolysis time, temperature, liquid-solid ratio, and acid concentration). Alkali and bleaching treatment were done to remove hemicellulose and lignin from BSG. Optimization process was performed using central composite design (CCD) to obtain optimum value of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) yield. The maximum cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) yield of 43.24% was obtained at optimum hydrolysis conditions of 50°C, 51 wt% acid concentration, 41 min, and liquid-solid ratio of 19 ml/g. The raw brewery spent grain; alkali- treated fiber, bleached fiber, and obtained CNC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), XRD, particle analyzer, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The characterization results indicated that the obtained cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) has rod-like whisker shape with crystallinity of 76.3% and an average particle size of 309.4 nm.